A European perspective on the battery transitionIssue 01 / September 2026

Research & public-interest advocacy

Europe’s
transition.
At whose cost?

The battery revolution is reshaping our industries, our environment and our dependence on the world. It deserves a closer look.

Read the lead dossier
Evidence before enthusiasm.
Aerial view of densely arranged cars and railway lines at the Bremerhaven vehicle terminal in Germany
01 / Bremerhaven, Germany · August 2019Image credit ↗
>80%

Of global lithium-ion battery output
came from China in 2025.

IEA · Global EV Outlook 2026

35,000+

German positions in Volkswagen’s
workforce reduction plan to 2030.

Volkswagen · December 2024 agreement

97.3%

Lead automotive battery collection
and recycling in studied European markets.

Industry-commissioned study · 2015–2017 data

The central question

Europe needs a battery strategy
with more than one chemistry.

Lithium is part of the transition. It should not be exempt from scrutiny. We examine the industrial trade-offs, the extraction footprint and the safety record—and make the case for a larger role for proven material recovery, including lead batteries in suitable applications.

Our perspective

01 / The research programme

Six dossiers. One necessary debate.

Explore all research

02 / The circularity question

An old chemistry.
A relevant future.

Lead batteries demonstrate what an established recovery system can achieve. The next step is to measure the whole loop: collection, recovery, recycled content and safe processing.

Explore the battery comparison

A high recycling rate is not the same as zero impact.

03 / The incident register

When risk becomes reality.

Open the incident files
Investigator finding

Genius Star XI

Battery-storage cargo. Two fires. A documented failure in the way the cargo was secured.

Read the record
US$3.8mReported vessel and cargo damage

Cause matters.
A ship carrying batteries is not automatically an EV-fire case. Each record identifies what the evidence establishes.

Open to scrutiny

Follow the argument.
Then follow the sources.

Visit the source library